Excessive unilateral proliferation of spermatogonia in a patient with non-obstructive azoospermia – adverse effect of clomiphene citrate pre-treatment?

Table 1 Hormonal follow-up of a patient with non-obstructive azoospermia before, during, and after clomiphene citrate treatment

	*09/2013*	*04/2014*^a	*01/2018*^a	*05/2018*^a	*07/2018*^b
FSH [IU/l] (1.0–10.0)	2.1	5.3	9.2	8.0	7.3
LH [IU/l] (1.0–9.0)	2.6	9.8	8.3	8.8	5.5
Testosterone [ng/ml] (3.50–10.00)	3.9	14.6	13.5	9.1	6.8
Estradiol [pg/ml] (11–41)	15.8	–	101	82	52
SHBG [nmol/l] (17.3–65.8)	28.2	–	43.0	40.0	41.5

^aduring clomiphene citrate treatment; ^bafter 4th testicular biopsy / TESE
FSH follicle stimulating hormone, LH luteinizing hormone, SHBG sex hormone binding globulin, IU/l international units per liter, ng/ml: nanogram per milliliter, pg/ml: picogram per milliliter, nmol/l: nanomole per liter

ISSN: 2051-4190